FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE
Order a FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE paper today!
To understand nursing as it is practiced today and as it will be prac- ticed tomorrow requires an understanding of some of the social forces currently influencing this profession. These forces usually affect the
BOX 1–3 Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise
STAGE I: NOVICE No experience (e.g., nursing student). Performance is limited, in- flexible, and governed by context-free rules and regulations rather than experience.
STAGE II: ADVANCED BEGINNER Demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. Recognizes the meaningful “aspects” of a real situation. Has experienced enough real situations to make judgments about them.
STAGE III: COMPETENT Has 2 or 3 years of experience. Demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. Differentiates important factors from less impor- tant aspects of care. Coordinates multiple complex care demands.
STAGE IV: PROFICIENT Has 3 to 5 years of experience. Perceives situations as wholes rather than in terms of parts, as in Stage II. Uses maxims as guides for what to consider in a situation. Has holistic understanding of the cli- ent, which improves decision making. Focuses on long-term goals.
STAGE V: EXPERT Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient; no longer re- quires rules, guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. Demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in new situations. Is inclined to take a certain action because “it felt right.” From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice, Commemorative Edition, by P. Benner, 2001. Electronically reproduced by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
BOX 1–4 National Student Nurses Association, Inc., Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct
PREAMBLE Students of nursing have a responsibility to society in learning the academic theory and clinical skills needed to provide nursing care. The clinical setting presents unique challenges and respon- sibilities while caring for human beings in a variety of health care environments.
The Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct is based on an un- derstanding that to practice nursing as a student is an agreement to uphold the trust with which society has placed in us. The statements of the Code provide guidance for the nursing student in the personal development of an ethical foundation and need not be limited strictly to the academic or clinical environment but can assist in the holistic development of the person.