Cellular Respiration General Biology Worksheet

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Cellular Respiration

GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE FERMENTATION OXYGEN KREB’S CYCLE biologycorner.com begins with GLUCOSE ETHANOL ACETYL-COA MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX LACTIC ACID MITOCHONDRIAL CHRISTAE CARBON DIOXIDE CYTOPLASM ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 ATP 2 NADH 36 ATP which is broken down during which occurs in the coe nzy me s produces a net gain of results in 2 molecules of produces occurs in the can be used in that is used in requires releases which is oxidized, creating anaerobic processes aerobic respiration such as co en zy me s starting with moves to the co en zy me s which is shuffled into the which produces which occurs in the used in the CELLULAR RESPIRATION MULTIPLE CHOICE. Circle ALL that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN one correct answer. _______________________ is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy stored in glucose. A. Alcoholic fermentation B. Lactic acid fermentation C. Glycolysis D. Electron transport chain If oxygen A. B. C. is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by _____________________ Krebs cycle electron transport chain fermentation Name the A. B. C. D. 3 carbon molecule produced when glucose is broken in half during glycolysis. pyruvate lactic acid Acetyl-CoA citric acid Since fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be __________________. A. aerobic B. anaerobic How many ATP molecules are added to get glycolysis started? _________ Since glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules, this results in a NET GAIN of _____ ATP’s MATCH THE LETTER IN THE DIAGRAM WITH THE LABEL: (You can use them MORE THAN ONCE) ______ MATRIX ______ INTERMEMBRANE SPACE ______ CYTOPLASM ______ OUTER MEMBRANE ______ INNER MEMBRANE (CRISTAE) ______ Place GLYCOLYSIS happens 1 Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: ____________ + _______________ → ________________+_________________+________________ Which of the following shows the correct sequence during cellular respiration? A. Electron transport chain → glycolysis → Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis → Electron transport chain → Krebs cycle C. Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain → glycolysis D. Glycolysis → Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain Because cellular respiration requires oxygen it is said to be _________________ A. aerobic B. anaerobic How many total ATP molecules are produced by 1 molecule of glucose completing cellular respiration ? 2 6 24 36 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE PRODUCED DURING THE KREBS CYCLE? A. ATP B. NADH C. FADH2 D. CO2 What molecule is the final electron acceptor at the end of the Electron transport chain? A. oxygen B. carbon dioxide C. glucose D. NADH The movement of which ion across the membrane from the intermembrane space to the matrix causes ATP synthase to spin and make ATP A. Na+ ions B. oxygen C. H+ ions D. water Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? A. glycolysis B. Krebs cycle C. Electron transport D. Acetyl-CoA charging 2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION VOCABULARY REVIEW 1. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is the process of splitting a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvic acid molecules. 2. The molecule used by cells to store and transfer energy is __ __ __. 3. Glycolysis happens outside the mitochondria in the __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ of the cell. 4. This describes a process that requires oxygen = __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 5. This atmospheric gas is required for aerobic respiration = __ __ __ __ __ __. 6. The NADH and FADH2 produced during the Krebs cycle pass their electrons down the __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ chain to produce ATP. 7. The passage of H+ ions through __ __ __ produce ATP. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ causes it to spin and 8. This 3 carbon molecule is produced during glycolysis when glucose splits in half a. = __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 9. Cell organelle which acts as the cell’s power plant to burn glucose and store energy as ATP a. = __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 10. If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 11. Type of fermentation used to make bread dough rise and produce beer and wine. a. = __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 12. This molecule has the formula C6H12O6 and is split in half during glycolysis = __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 13. This molecule reacts with pyruvic acid to release C02, produce NADH, and acetyl-CoA. a. = __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 14. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ forms when Coenzyme A attaches to two carbons from pyruvic acid. 15. The area inside the cristae where the Krebs cycle happens is the __ __ __ __ __ __. 3 CH 10. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Bio 151L OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Process by which living cells obtain energy from organic molecules, glucose • Primary aim to make ATP, energy unit of living systems ANAEROBIC VS. AEROBIC • Anaerobic cellular respiration • Occurs in the absence of oxygen • Some bacteria and fungi, some animal cells such as muscle cells • Two fermentation reactions: alcoholic and lactic acid fermentaion • Aerobic cellular respiration • Occurs in the presence of oxygen • Vast majority of organisms on Earth are aerobic C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O MITOCHONDRIA STRUCTURE GLYCOLYSIS • Anaerobic and aerobic respiration both begin with a molecule of glucose produced through photosynthesis • Occurs in cytoplasm (cytosol) • 6-carbon sugar, glucose, is broken down into two molecules of a 3-carbon molecule called pyruvate SUMMARY OF GLYCOLYSIS • Reactants: • One glucose (six carbon) • 2 NAD+ • 2 ATP • End products: • 2 pyruvate (three carbon) • 2 NADH • 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP) ANAEROBIC VS. AEROBIC • In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate molecules are metabolized in the cytoplasm via anaerobic fermentation reactions • If oxygen is available, pyruvate moleculs are shuttled into mitochondria and ATP formation occurs via aerobic cellular respiration ANAEROBIC REACTION • Produce energy in the absence of oxygen • Takes place in some prokaryotic organisms living in the lack of O 2 • Have electron transport chain but do not use oxygen as final electron acceptor • Fermentation – harvest energy without either oxygen and electron transport chain • Two types • Lactic acid fermentation • Alcohol fermentation • Very small amount of energy AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Three major steps • 1. Glycolysis • Breakdown of pyruvate • 2. Citric acid cycle (Kreb cycle) • 3. Oxidative phosphorylation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O PYRUVATE OXIDATION: BREAKDOWN OF PYRUVATE • Intermediate stage Between glycolysis and citric acid cycle • Pyruvate is broken down into two carbon molecule, acetyl CoA • Carbon dioxide is released • Yield = 1 NADH for each pyruvate (2 NADH) CITRIC ACID CYCLE • In the matrix • Acetyl is removed from Acetyl CoA and attached to 4-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, to produce 6-carbon molecule, citric acid • Series of steps releases 2 CO 2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 for each pyruvate • Oxaloacetate is regenerated to start the cycle again • 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION • Takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane • Involves electron transport chain (ETC) – consists of a group of protein complexes • Electrons are passed from one component to the next in a series of redox reactions • The most energy, ATP is made • NADH or FADH2 initiate the ETC • NADH donates e – which are transported in ETC • Creates hydrogen concentration gradient, which drives the production of more ATP • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor • At the end of the ETC, water and ATP is made – a total of 32 to 34 ATP ATP SYNTHASE • Captures free energy as H + ions flow through • The enzyme converts energy from the proton motive force of the H + gradient to chemical bond energy in ATP • A rotary machine that makes ATP as it spins TOTAL YIELD OF ATP • Glycolysis: 2 ATP • Citric Acid Cycle: 2 ATP • Oxidative phosphorylation: 32-34 ATP • Total of 36-38 ATP from one molecule of glucose (sugar) VIDEO CLIPS • Electron transport chain • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3Y2Ig3YTL0 ASSIGNMENT • Complete the worksheet in Files on our Canvas page and submit them by 4/22, Wed

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